Important alloys and their contents

Steel

·  One of the most common categories of alloy is steel, which is extremely malleable. Steel is made when iron, coal and limestone are heated and mixed together and then either refined or mixed with even more metals to create a less brittle product, while retaining malleability. Steel can be categorized into three groups; "carbon steel" has limited amounts of carbon, copper, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur, while "alloy steel" has higher concentrations of these additive metals and "stainless steel" contains at least 10% chromium.

Copper Alloys

·  Copper is widely used for electricity and thermal conduction, though it is extremely soft in its purest form, so alloys are created to help it retain its shape. Nearly 400 different types of copper alloys are used commercially. One of the oldest types of copper alloys is bronze, which is made by adding tin (in most cases), as well as phosphorus, lead, silicon, nickel, and aluminum in varying concentrations. Also popular is brass, which is made mostly with copper and zinc, but may also contain tin, lead, manganese, and silicon in smaller concentrations. Copper and other metals can either be melted together or cold-worked to mix the metals. 

Gold and Platinum Alloys

·  In the jewelry industry, gold and platinum are used to create some of the most important alloys. These metals can be easily shaped into fine pieces, making them perfect for jewelry, and other metals are added to create stronger pieces that won't wear down as easily or lose their shape, in addition to giving consumers more affordable options. Yellow gold contains cobalt, copper, silver, and/or zinc, while white gold contains either nickel or palladium, platinum is typically mixed with iridium, ruthenium, or cobalt. 

Aluminum Alloys

·  Pure aluminum is soft, resists corrosion, conducts electricity well, so it is great for products like kitchen foil, but for applications requiring a stronger metal, an aluminum alloy needs to be created. Aluminum alloys are classified based on the other type of metal in the mix (zinc, copper, silicon, manganese, lithium or magnesium) and whether the finished product is wrought, which means it was forged and hammered into shape, or cast, which means it was melted and poured into a shape before cooling.

ALLOYS = Their Contents aluminium bronze = Cu+Al brass = Cu+Zn bronze = Cu+Sn bell metal = Cu+Sn red coin alloys = Cu+Zn+Sn white coin alloys = Cu+Ag+Zn+Ni duralumin = Al+Cu+Mg+Mn electron = Mg+Zn german silver (nickle silver) = Cu+Zn+Ni gun metal = Cu+Sn+Zn magnalium = Al+Mg pewter = Pb+Sn solder = Pb+Sn type metal = Pb+Sb+Sn wood metal = Bi+Pb+Sn+Cd Y-alloy = Cu+Al devarda's alloy = Cu+Al+Zn ferrosilicon = Fe+Si ferrovanadium = Fe+V monel metal = Ni+Cu+(Fe+Mn is traces) nimonic series = Ni+Cr+Co+Al+Ti hastelloy C nochrome = Ni+Cr

Alloys in Chemistry.

Name	Composition	Use
Brass	Cu (60 to 80%), Zn (40 to 20%)	For making household utensils
Bronze	Cu (75 to 90%), Sn (25 to 10%)	For making coins, idols, utensils
German Silver	Cu (60%), Zn (25%), Ni (15%)	For making utensils
Magnelium	Mg (5%), Al (95%)	For making aircraft frame
Rolled Gold	Cu (90%), Ni (10%)	For making cheap ornaments
Monel metal	Cu (70%), Ni (30%)	For making alkali resistant containers
Bell metal	Cu (80%), Sn (20%)	For making bells
Gun metal	Cu (85%), Zn (10%), Sn (5%)	Used for engineering purposes
Solder	Sn (50-75%), Pb (50-25%)	Soldering of metals
Duralium	Al (95%), Cu (4%), Mg (0.5%), Mn (0.5%)	In aircraft manufacturing
Steel	Fe (98%), C (2%)	For making nails, screws, bridges
Stainless Steel	Fe (82%) Cr, Ni (18%)	For making cooking utensils, knives
An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals.