DISCOVERIES

PART OF CELL	DISCOVERED BY
CELL	R.HOOK
NEUCLEUS	R.BROWN
LIVING CELL	LEEWENHOKE
PLASSMA MEMBRANE	R.BROWN
RIBOSOME	PLADE
GOLGI APPRATUS	CAMMILO GOLGI
MITOCHONDRIA	KOLLIKER
CELL WALL	R.HOOK
PROTOPLASM	DUDARJIN
LYSOSYME	CD DUVE
CELL THEORY	SCHELDIAN &SCHWAN
CHROMOSOME	MISCHER
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM	PORTER

Biowatch

GOLGI COMPLEX IT IS FOUND IN ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS EXCEPT RBC COMPOSED OF PROTEIN LIPIDS & POLYSACCHRIDE ITS MAIN FUNCTION IS CELL SECREATION IT TRANSPORT CERTAIN MATERIAL LIKE PROTEIN & POLY SCCHRIDE IT IS SIMILER IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL IT INVOLVE FORMATION OF LYSOSYME IN PLANT CELLS IT IS CALLED DICTYOSOMES PLASTIDS THESE GENERALLY PIGMENTS & MAY SYNTHESIZED AND ACCUMULATE VARIOUS SUBSTANCE THEY ARE OF THREE TYPES –LEUCOPLAST ,CHROMOPLAST,CHLOROPLAST HOW EVER SOME PLASTIDS ARE DEVOID OF PIGMENT AND THERE FUNCTION IS STORAGE OF MATERIAL THEY R CALLED LEUCOPLAST LECUOPLAST ARE FOUND IN PART OF PLANT WHERE NO LIGH T IS AVAILABLE CHLOROPALST ARE GREEN IN IN COLOUR AND MOST COMMAN THEY HELP IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHROMOPLAST ARE VARIOUS COLOURED FOUND IN PETAL ROOT AND FRUITS RED COLOUR OF TOMATO IS DUE TO THEM MITOCHONDRIA THESE R THE SEAT FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND PRODUCE ENERGY THEY ARE REGARDDED AS POWER HOUSE OF CELL ATP SYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE IN MITOCHONDRIA IN LIVER CELL THERE ARE NEAR ABOUT 1400 MITTOCHONDRIA PER CELL THESE ARE COMPOSED OF PROTEIN LIPIDS & A LITTLE AMOUNT OF RNA 40 PERCENT OF ITS COMPOSITION IS ENZYME NO OF MITOCHONDRIA IN PLANT IS LESSER THEN HUMAN AS ATP SYNTHESIS ALSO TAKE PLACE IN CHLOROPLAST CRIESTE IS ITS PART IT HAS F0-F1 COMPLEX KREB CYCLE TRAKES PLACE IN IT LYSOSYME THEY ARE OF FOUR TYPE PRIMARY SECONDRY TATRTARY & RESIDUAL BODY THERE FUNCTION IS TO DISSOLVE SME MATERIAL AND BREAK IT INTO PARTS SO IT HELP IN INFECTION DIGESTION PRIMARY LYSOSOME ARE THAT WHICH IS RECENTLY PRODUCED AND NOT YET USED EVEN SECONDRY LYSOZYME IS THAT WHICH IS JUST STARTED USING RESIDUAL BODIES ARE THAT WHO’S ALL THE ENZYME ARE USED AND IS NOW A WASTE SPHEROSOMES THESE FUNCTION FOR STORAGE OF MATERIAL LIKE LIPID NEUCLEUS o MOSTLY IT IS LOCATED AT CENTER OF CELL o BOUNDED BY DOUBLE MEMBRANE o IT CONTAIN GENETIC MATERIAL SO CONTROL THE WHOLE BODY o ITS COVERING NEUCLEAR MEMBRANE HAS PORES THROUGH WHICH IT COMMUNICATE WITH REST OF CELL o IT HAS NEOCLEOLUS OR AND CHROMTIN o IT MAY BE ONE OR MORE IN NUMBER o IT HAS DNA OR RNA WHICH CAUSES ITS REPLICATION

TYPES OF WATER REACTORS

1. PWR - PRESSURIZED WATER REACTORS
- these are reactors cooled & modulated by high pressure liquid water. they are the majority of current reactors, & are generally considered the safest & most reliable technology currently in large scale deployment, although 3 mile island is a reactor of this type. this is thermal neutron reactor design, the newest of which are Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor.

2. BWR - BOILING WATER REACTOR
- these are reactors cooled & moderated by water, under slighlty lower pressure. the water is allowed to boil in the reactor. the thermal; efficiency of these reactors are higher, simpler, potentially more stable & safe. these reactors make up a substantial of modern reactors. this is thermal neutron reactor design. the newest of Advanced Boiling Water Reactor & economic simplified boiling water reactor.

3. PHWR - PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR
- this is Canadian design, these reactors are heavy-water cooled & moderated pressurized water reactors, instead of using a single large pressure vessel as in a PWR, the fuel is contained in hundreds of pressure tubes. these reactors are fuelled with natural uranium & are thermal neutron design. PHWR can be refueled while at full power. this have been built in Canada, Argentina, China, India, Pakistan, Romania, South Africa.

4. RBMK - REAKTOR BOLSHOY MOSHCHNOSTI KANALNIY (high power channel reactor)
- a Soviet Union design , built to provide plutonium as well as power. RBMK are water cooled with a graphite moderator , are in some respects similar to CANDU in that they refuelable on-load & employ a pressure tube design instead of a PWR-style pressure vessel. RBMKs were very unstable & too large to have containment buildings making them dangerous in the case of accident.

THE CHERNOBYL PLANT HAS 4 RBMK REACTORS :
1. AGCR - Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor
2. GCR - Gas Cooled Reactor
3. Monju
4. Aqueous Homogeneous Reactor.

ADVANCED REACTORS :
- integral fast reactor
- pebble bed reactor
- high temperature gas cooled reactor
- SSTAR - small, sealed, transportable autonomous reactor.
- suboritical
- thorium based reactor

GENERTION IV REACTORS :
* gas cooled fast reactor
* lead cooled fast reactor
* moltan salt reactor
* sodium-cooled reactor
* super critical water reactor.