Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) or solid recovered fuel/ specified recovered fuel (SRF) is a fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating municipal solid waste (MSW) in a converter or steam pressure treating in an autoclave.
RDF consists largely of organic components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste.
RDF processing facilities are normally located near a source of MSW and, while an optional combustion facility is normally close to the processing facility, it may also be located at a remote location.
SRF can be distinguished from RDF in the fact that it is produced to reach a standard such as CEN/343 ANAS.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Refuse Derived Fuel Units
| Strengths | Weaknesses |
| Integrated – offers front end recycling activity, with energy recovery of balance | Requires secure markets for fuel e.g. an industrial estate |
| Organic fraction can be recycled aerobically (composting) or anaerobically (AD) | RDF is in competition with other fuels |
| If densified, RDF can be stored for extended periods (coarse RDF is more suited for direct on-site use and cannot be stored) | Processing involves high electrical power consumption and maintenance |
| RDF can be processed to half the calorific value of coal | Poor UK operating experience of older RDF plants including reliability and air pollution control |
| Lower level of heavy metals in the RDF | Fuel production space required |
| RDF can be co-fired with other fuels in a variety of industrial boilers | RDF can cause more damage to boilers and pipework than other fuels |
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